Browsing by Author "Campisi, T."

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Examination of the Effects of the Pandemic Process on the E-Scooter Usage Behaviors of Individuals with Machine Learning
(Palacky University Olomouc, 2023) Kuskapan, E.; Campisi, T.; De Cet, G.; Vianello, C.; Çodur, M.Y.
Analysing user behaviour and thus travel mode choice is an important task in transport planning and policy-making in order to understand and predict travel demand. Recent pandemic events have challenged the modal choices of European users by reducing the use of public transport at various times and favouring walking and/or the use of electric bikes and scooters for last-mile travel. A number of studies have focused on analysing how the pandemic affected workers' choice of transport mode, with particular reference to local public transport, by developing multinomial logistic regression and artificial neural network models to analyse travellers' choice of transport mode before and after COVID-19. Particularly in non-European contexts, studies have been conducted on the relationship between socio-economic factors and the duration of e-scooter trips before and during the health crisis caused by the pandemic. in these contexts, a general increase in the duration of escooter trips after the pandemic was shown. Few studies, however, have analysed the European context. Several factors relating to services and infrastructure as well as sociodemographic components contributed to the propensity to use e-scooters as evidenced by a number of literature works in the European context. However, little research has been conducted using the machine learning approach to understand which factors and how they may influence modal choices. The present research work focused on the analysis of last-mile transport choices by investigating the propensity of a sample of users residing in Sicily during different time phases before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 35 different classes were determined for a total of 545 data. The classification process was carried out using SMO, KNN and RF machine learning algorithms. The results showed a reduction in the frequency of e-scooter use during the health crisis caused by the pandemic. The results showed that this was a temporary behaviour, even though the purpose of e-scooter use by most individuals changed during the health crisis caused by the pandemic. However, it was observed that the frequency of e-scooter use decreased in most individuals during the health crisis caused by the pandemic and this became a permanent behaviour. The results suggest that the analysis of the importance of variables in relation to different periods and is essential for a better understanding and effective modelling of people's travel behaviour and for improving the attractiveness of these means of transport for companies operating services in the areas examined. © 2023 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.
Investigating the Impact of Public Transport Usage Behaviors on Air Pollution After Covid-19
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2025) Kuskapan, E.; Campisi, T.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted urban life, including long-lasting changes in public transportation usage patterns. This study investigates how behavioral shifts in public transport ridership after the pandemic have influenced urban air quality. Materials and Methods: The research analyzed data from eight major European cities: Paris, Berlin, Athens, Rome, Lisbon, Madrid, Istanbul, and London. A Public Transport Usage Index (PTUI) was developed based on five key behavioral factors affecting public transport use post-COVID. The relationship between this index and air quality was statistically examined by calculating the correlation between PTUI and the post-pandemic Air Quality Index (AQI). Results: A strong negative correlation (r = -0.9304) was identified between the PTUI and AQI, indicating that increased public transport use is associated with improved air quality. All cities showed this trend, except Berlin, where the pattern deviated. Notably, cities with higher PTUI scores experienced more significant reductions in pollution indicators such as PM2.5 and NO2. Discussion: These results underscore the role of sustainable public transport usage in mitigating urban air pollution. The findings align with existing literature emphasizing modal shift as a key strategy in urban environmental improvement. However, the study is limited by potential variations in data reporting standards across cities and by short-term observational scope. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that post-pandemic behavioral changes in public transport usage have had a measurable impact on urban air quality. The findings offer valuable insight for urban planners and policymakers seeking to design resilient, health-conscious transportation systems that support long-term environmental sustainability. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Open.
Promotion of E-Mobility and Its Main Share Market: Some Considerations About E-Shared Mobility
(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2022) Campisi, T.; Ali, N.; Alemdar, K.D.; Kaya, Ö.; Çodur, M.Y.; Tesoriere, G.
Developed and developing countries have a lot of public transport networks and vehicles. This is the most important traffic key to consider. In particular, the restrictions imposed by the pandemic and the psychological factors left on people have made public transport even more important. In recent years, various micro-mobility applications have been seen in covering the last-mile distance in public transportation. Depending on the reason for the travel and the distance to be covered, the user can choose between scheduled and non-scheduled public transport services. The former are characterised by predefined timetables, routes and fares that cannot be changed either by the driver or at the request of the user. The latter are instead related to the square service or taxi service and garage service or Transportation Network Company (TNC) services. The development of electric vehicles (EV) is strongly influenced by consumer demand resulting from economic and environmental factors. The combination of EV and ridesharing also brings major benefits in terms of reduced traffic congestion, reduced environmental impact and in many cases also lower costs for the user. By incorporating e-buses into public transport fleets, a green public transport fleet can be achieved which can provide a step further towards sustainable transport system. In addition, in urban areas with low-speed limits, electric taxis can offer a faster, more efficient and cost-effective solution, as can small buses in the form of demand responsive transport (DRT) services. Unfortunately, there are still a number of problems limiting the development of all-electric transport services. This is the main reason for the spread of hybrid transport services rather than the experimentation of full electric vehicles (EVs) in the case of many non-scheduled services. Through a comparative overview of different case studies and strategies implemented by European and non-European countries, this research highlights the benefits and criticalities related to the integration of EVs and especially taxis in varying city sizes and lays the groundwork for future research steps. © 2022 Author(s).
Public Perception of Electric Scooter Use in Sicily: Analysis of Post-Pandemic Opinions
(Palacky University Olomouc, 2024) Campisi, T.; Kuskapan, E.; Çodur, M.Y.; Vianello, C.; De Cet, G.
Urban mobility is a current and hot topic for local administrations, and not only due to the numerous road accidents in urban areas, often caused by the incorrect behaviour of scooter drivers. The diffusion of electric scooters occurred, above all, after the pandemic. While on the one hand, social distancing has forced many to re-evaluate traveling by car, there are many citizens who have adopted innovations such as pedal-assisted bicycles and, above all, electric scooters – the latter being the protagonists of a real boom. In addition to ensuring fast travel and ease of use, the electric scooter and its use have sparked public debate regarding safety and apparent deregulation. Very often in Italy and beyond, the use of electric scooters is associated with a perception of fear and scepticism about micro-mobility, as well as the diffusion of some models relating to sustainable mobility. This derives in part from the previous characteristics of the vehicles produced and manufactured in China that do not comply with the law, and in that case, are truly dangerous. But given the recent rules at both the Italian and European levels, we are very often protected against products that do not comply with the laws, and therefore, we have greater road safety. The recent legislation on use on Italian roads has changed the characteristics of users, vehicles, and infrastructures in which to circulate. The safety of the electric scooter has been a long-debated topic, especially since this vehicle has seen a boom in sales and rentals since 2020, thanks to the incentives for the purchase and the willingness of Italians to use public transport less and less. To define the choice of an electric scooter as a sustainable modal choice, it is necessary, beyond safety, to investigate the perception of users in terms of gender equity, use in the first and last mile, and perception in terms of green transport modes. Starting from this, a survey was implemented, and subsequently, a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on about 550 users in the metropolis of Palermo in Sicily. The results related to the period 2019-2022 showed that the electric scooter is certainly a practical and green vehicle but must be driven with the same attention we pay in cars or motorcycles. The chi-square analysis defined the trend variations connected to the users’ psychosocial parameters according to the user’s gender and age. The scenario shows the need for timely interventions, above all to protect vehicle users but also pedestrians who are often involved in accidents due to the use of vehicles on sidewalks. The survey shows that scooter users are the first to request more safety, starting with the creation of protected lanes such as cycle paths or dedicated areas. © 2024 Palacky University Olomouc. All rights reserved.