Browsing by Author "Gani, Mudasir"

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Co-Occurrence of the Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Bidensovirus in Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L.: Evidence from Kashmir and Molecular Comparison of Indian Bidensovirus Isolates
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2026) Mumtaz, Shabnum; Gani, Mudasir; Eroglu, Gozde B.; Rather, Tariq Rasool; Wani, Arif Hussain; Mohi-ud-Din, Sajad; Gupta, Rakesh Kumar
The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), is an economically important insect domesticated for silk production in India and other countries, whereas the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) and Bombyx mori bidensovirus (BmBDV) are the two most serious viral pathogens infecting the domestic silkworms. In this study, the frequency of co-occurrence of BmNPV and BmBDV in silkworm larvae from sericulture practicing regions of North, Central, and South Kashmir was investigated. The prevalence of grasserie disease (%) and extent of cocoon crop loss varied significantly between the different regions. On the basis of PCR analyses, the mean co-occurrence (%) of BmNPV and BmBDV infection was 94%, 92.7% and 98% in the samples from North, Central and South Kashmir, respectively. The BmBDV isolates from Mysore, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kashmir, Dehradun, Ghumarwin and Jammu grouped together and are most closely related to other BmBDV isolates on the basis of gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the VD-1 gene fragments. The BmBDV-S1 isolate had the lowest LD50 and ST50 values revealing that it was more virulent to B. mori larvae as compared to BmBDV-N1 and BmBDV-C1 isolates. Overall, the results revealed that the BmNPV and BmBDV coexist in the silkworm larvae and highlight the need for greater research into the interaction of these viruses in Bombyx mori.
Comparative Evaluation of Temperate, Subtropical, and Tropical Isolates of Nucleopolyhedrovirus Against Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
(Springer, 2023) Manzoor, Saika; Gani, Mudasir; Hassan, Taskeena; Shafi, Insha; Wani, Fehim Jeelani; Mumtaz, Shabnum; Mantoo, Mohd Ayoob
BackgroundThe tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a serious insect pest owing to its polyphagous nature, migrating long distances, greater capacity to develop resistance against insecticides and persistence in cropping areas. The comparative evaluation of temperate, sub-tropical and tropical H. armigera NPV (HearNPV) isolates was carried out to determine the potential of local and exotic HearNPV isolates for the management of H. armigera in Kashmir, India, having a temperate climate.ResultsMortality of 2nd instar H. armigera larvae with three different HearNPV isolates at different concentrations ranged between 13.40 and 73.25%, with significant differences between the concentrations in each isolate under laboratory conditions. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values of HearNPV-IND-K, HearNPV-IND-J, and HearNPV-IND-B isolates against 2nd instar H. armigera larvae were 4.62 x 10(3), 5.99 x 10(4), and 7.24 x 10(4) OBs/larva at 10th day post inoculation, with significant differences among the isolates. In time response bioassays, the cumulative mortality (%) caused by median lethal concentration (LC50) of HearNPV-IND-K, HearNPV-IND-J and HearNPV-IND-B isolates over a period of 10 days was 50.33, 49.00 and 49.00%, respectively. Their median survival time (ST50) values against 2nd instar H. armigera larvae were 8.10, 8.94 and 9.50 days, respectively, with significant differences among the isolates. The results revealed that the LC50 and ST50 values of HearNPV-IND K isolate were significantly lower than HearNPV-IND-J and HearNPV-IND-B isolates. The cumulative mortality of H. armigera larvae with HearNPV-IND-K, HearNPV-IND-J and HearNPV-IND-B isolates at different concentrations ranged between 22.00-68.32, 20.54-55.17, 11.66-44.33%, respectively, on tomato crop under field conditions. The highest mortality rate of 68.32% was observed at the local isolate (HearNPV-IND-K).ConclusionsIt's concluded that the local isolate had the potential for the development of species-specific and environmentally safe biocontrol agent for organic farming and its incorporation into Integrated Pest Management program may reduce the use of chemical insecticides in Kashmir.
Reflection of Geographic Differences in the Genome: A New Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Hearnpv-Ind from Kashmir, India
(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2023) Eroglu, Gozde Busra; Gani, Mudasir; Gupta, Rakesh Kumar; Bali, Kamlesh; Hassan, Taskeena; Shafi, Insha; Mantoo, Mohd Ayoub
In this study, the genome of temperate isolate of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV-IND-K) from Kashmir, India, was analyzed and compared with other Helicoverpa NPV genomes with the logic to determine the effect of the geographic difference at the genomic level. The HearNPV-IND-K genome has a size of 129 234 bp, and GC ratio of 38.9%, and 137 protein-coding genes. The genome has three baculovirus repeat origin (bro-a, bro-b, and bro-c) genes and five homologous repeat regions (hr). According to the phylogenetic tree analysis, it showed 92% similarity to the HaSNPV-L1 isolate from Ludhiana, India having tropical climate. It has been determined that there are significant differences between the genomes of these two HearNPV isolates from different geographical regions of the same country. While there are 137 genes in the HearNPV-IND-K genome, it is quite remarkable that there are 113 genes in the HaSNPV-L1 genome. Interestingly, 111 genes are shared among the genomes and the HearNPV-IND-K genome has a unique hypothetical gene (ORF 77). The bro-a and bro-b genes are relatively short (89 aa, 144 aa) in the HearNPV-IND-K genome and do not have the bro-d gene. Further, all hr regions have different lengths between the two genomes. In the HearNPV-IND-K genome, the hr2 region is 211 bp shorter, the hr1 region is 602 bp, the hr3 region is 599 bp, the hr4 region is 294 bp, and the hr5 region is 659 bp longer. Overall, the results revealed that the HearNPV-IND-K has a unique gene and the genomes of the two isolates from the same country vary significantly. It also paved the way for future studies to elucidate the function of the unique hypothetical gene and to investigate the effects of the relatively short bro-a gene.