Browsing by Author "Kumar, K. J. Senthil"

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Essential Oil from Glossogyne Tenuifolia Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation-Associated Genes in Macro-Phage Cells Via Suppression of NF-κB Signaling Pathway
(MDPI, 2023) Lin, Wan-Teng; He, Yen-Hua; Lo, Yun-Hsin; Chiang, Yu-Ting; Wang, Sheng-Yang; Bezirganoglu, Ismail; Kumar, K. J. Senthil
Glossogyne tenuifolia Cassini (Hsiang-Ju in Chinese) is a perennial herb native to Taiwan. It was used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective agent. Recent studies have shown that extracts of G. tenuifolia possess various bioactivities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and anti-cancer properties. However, the pharmacological activities of G. tenuifolia essential oils have not been studied. In this study, we extracted essential oil from air-dried G. tenuifolia plants, then investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of G. tenuifolia essential oil (GTEO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) in vitro. Treatment with GTEO (25, 50, and 100 mu g/mL) significantly as well as dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) production, without causing cytotoxicity. Q-PCR and immunoblotting analysis revealed that the inhibition of NO and PGE(2) was caused by downregulation of their corresponding mediator genes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. Immunofluorescence and luciferase reporter assays revealed that the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 genes by GTEO was associated with the suppression of nuclear export and transcriptional activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor -kappa B (NF-kappa B). In addition, GTEO treatment significantly inhibited phosphorylation and proteosomal degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kappa B (I-kappa B alpha), an endogenous repressor of NF-kappa B. Moreover, treatment with GTEO significantly blocked the LPS-mediated activation of inhibitory kappa beta kinase I-kappa B alpha, an upstream kinase of the I-kappa B alpha. Furthermore, p-cymene, beta-myrcene, beta-cedrene, cis-rho-ocimene, alpha-pinene, and (D)-limonene were represented as major components of GTEO. We found that treatment with pcymene, alpha-pinene, and (D)-limonene were significantly inhibiting LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that GTEO inhibits inflammation through the downregulation of NF-kappa B-mediated inflammatory genes and pro-inflammatory molecules in macrophage cells.
Protective Effects of Bromelain in Testicular Torsion-Detorsion: Reducing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis While Enhancing Sperm Quality
(MDPI, 2025) Yakut, Seda; Karabulut, Merve; Koca, Recep Hakki; Erbas, Elif; Ozkanlar, Seckin; Gencer, Berrin Tarakci; Kumar, K. J. Senthil
Inflammation and increased oxidative stress in testicular tissue are documented side effects of torsion of the testicles. The preventive role of Bromelain (Bro) against testicle torsion-induced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was investigated in this research. Five groups of six animals each were created: ischemia, Ischemia+Reperfusion (I+R), Ischemia+Reperfusion+Bromelain (I+R+Bro; 10 mg/kg), control (sham), and Bromelain (Bro; 10 mg/kg). An I/R damage resulted from two hours of 720 degrees clockwise twisting of the left testis. Blood samples and epididymal sperm were collected after reperfusion to analyze sperm parameters (recovery, motility, viability, and morphology) and cytokines that promote inflammation (IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha). Using Western blotting, testicular tissue was examined for histopathological alterations, antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD), lipid peroxidation (MDA), apoptosis, and survival-related proteins (TLR4, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, NRF-2, HO-1, PI3K, mTOR, AKT-1). While raising the activities of GSH and SOD, two antioxidant enzymes, Bro administration dramatically reduced MDA concentrations. The I+R+Bro group had significantly reduced amounts of cytokines that promoted inflammation compared to the I+R group. Bro's protective properties are also attributed to proteins that are altered by it and participate in the apoptosis and survival of cells. Sperm morphology, motility, and concentration notably improved in the bromelain-treated group, according to spermatological examination. Testicular samples treated with bromelain showed less tissue damage according to histological evaluations than the untreated I+R group. These findings imply that Bro has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant qualities. It effectively reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NRF-2/HO-1 pathways, hence minimizing I/R injury.
Syringic Acid Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Protects Ovarian Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis
(Elsevier, 2024) Erbas, Elif; Ozkanlar, Seckin; Yesildag, Ali; Kara, Adem; Kumar, K. J. Senthil
In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of syringic acid (SA) loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis during ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) in rats. Initial UV-Vis and FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of the Ag and SA in the SA-AgNPs, respectively. TEM analysis demonstrated the spherical morphology with 10-50 nm of nanoparticle size. Next, we evaluated the protective effect of SA-AgNPs against IR. 15-weeks-old rats were divided into seven groups, as follows: control, AgNPs, SA, IR, AgNPs + IR, SA + IR, and SA + AgNPs + IR. Induction of IR led to a significant increase in apoptotic markers (caspase-3), pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, ATF-6, NF- kappa B-p65, and P2X7R), and endoplasmic reticulum stress marker (IRE1) in ovary tissue. Additionally, a remarkable increase in serum IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha were found. Moreover, an increase in serum MDA and decreased endogenous anti-oxidant enzymes, including GSH and SOD were observed. Interestingly, treatment with either AgNPs or SA significantly reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and ER stress markers in IR-induced rats. Nevertheless, discernible effects were detected in rats upon treatment with SA + AgNPs. These findings strongly suggest that syringic acid-loaded silver nanoparticles have a promising therapeutic application in ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.