Browsing by Author "Togar, Basak"

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Aluminium Phosphide-Induced Genetic and Oxidative Damages in Vitro: Attenuation by Laurus Nobilis L. Leaf Extract
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2013) Turkez, Hasan; Togar, Basak
Objective: The present investigation was undertaken to assess the protective effect of Laurus nobilis leaf extract (LNE) against aluminum phosphide (AIP)-induced genotoxic and oxidative damages stress in cultured human blood cells in the presence of a metabolic activator (S9 mix). Materials and Methods: Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays were used to assess AlP-induced genotoxicity and to establish the protective effects of LNE. In addition, we determined total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels in AlP and LNE treated cultures for biomonitoring the oxidative alterations. Results: There was significant increases (P < 0.05) in both SCE and CA frequencies of cultures treated with AlP as compared to controls. Our results also showed that AlP (58 mg/l) caused oxidative stress by altering TAC and TOS levels. However, co-application of LNE (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l) and AlP resulted in decreases of SCE, CA rates and TOS level and increases of TAC level as compared to the group treated with AlP alone. Conclusion: The preventive role of LNE in alleviating AlP-induced DNA and oxidative damages was indicated for the first time in the present study.
Aluminum Phosphide-Induced Genetic and Oxidative Damages in Rats: Attenuation by Laurus Nobilis Leaf Extract
(Sage Publications Inc, 2013) Turkez, Hasan; Togar, Basak
Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a colorless, flammable, liquefied pesticide that is commonly used to control insects, nematodes, weeds, and pathogens in crops, forests, ornamental nurseries, and wood products. Early investigations of AlP-poisoned mammalian cells led to the proposed involvement of oxidative damage in its toxicity mechanism. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Laurus nobilis (L) leaf extract (LNE) against AlP-induced genetic and oxidative damages in rats. Selected animals were assigned to four groups (n = 6), namely, group A: control (only distilled water is injected); group B: AlP (4 mg kg(-1) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.)); group C: LNE (200 mg kg(-1) injected i.p.), and group D: AlP plus LNE, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 14 successive days. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronucleus (MN) assay were used for monitoring genotoxic damage. In addition, biochemical parameters such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) were examined in serum samples to determine oxidative damage. Our results indicated that AlP caused increase in CA and MN assay rates and alterations in TAC and TOS levels when compared with control group. On the contrary, LNE did not change the rates of both the analyzed cytogenetic end points and led to increase in TAC level. Moreover, we observed that LNE suppressed the genetic damage by AlP to bone marrow cells in vivo. Interestingly AlP-induced oxidative stress was also strongly reduced by LNE. The results of the present study indicated that the protective effect of LNE might be ascribable to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
Antiproliferative, Genotoxic and Oxidant Activities of Cyclosativene in Rat Neuron and Neuroblastoma Cell Lines
(Inst Bioloska Istrazivanja Sinisa Stankovic, 2014) Togar, Basak; Turkez, Hasan; Geyikoglu, Fatime; Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet; Tatar, Abdulgani
Cyclosativene (CSV) is a tetracyclic sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of Centaurea cineraria (Asteraceae) and Abies magnifica A. Murray (Pinaceae) plants. To the best of our knowledge, its cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidant effects have never been studied on any cell lines. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the in vitro antiproliferative and/or cytotoxic properties, antioxidant/oxidant activity and genotoxic damage potential of CSV in healthy neurons and N2a neuroblastoma (N2a-NB) cell cultures. After treatment with 10-400 mu g/ml of CSV for 24 h, cell proliferation was measured by the MTT (3,(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) assays. To evaluate the level of DNA damage, single cell gel alkaline electrophoresis (SCGE) was used. The MTT assay showed that the application of CSV significantly reduced cell viability in both cell types. CSV treatments at higher doses led to decreases of TAC levels and increases of TOS levels in neuron and N2a-NB cells. The mean values of the total scores of cells showing DNA damage were not found to be significantly different from the control values in both cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that CSV has weak anticancer potential.
Cytogenetic and Oxidative Alterations After Exposure of Cultured Human Whole Blood Cells to Lithium Metaborate Dehydrate
(Springer, 2016) Celikezen, Fatih Caglar; Togar, Basak; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Izgi, Mehmet Sait; Turkez, Hasan
Boron compounds have an ability of supporting antioxidant properties in human and animal tissues. Lithium metaborate dihydrate (LiBO2 center dot 2H(2)O; LMD) is commonly used in nonlinear optic materials, cellular phones and pagers. But, there are limited data on the genotoxic and antioxidant effects of LMD in cultured human whole blood cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the genotoxicity and antioxidant/oxidant activity of LMD on human whole blood lymphocytes (n = 5). LMD was applied at various concentrations (0-1,280 A mu g/ml) to cultured blood samples. Antioxidant/oxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity levels. Micronuclei and chromosomal aberration tests were used in genotoxicity studies. Our results clearly revealed that all tested concentrations of LMD were found to be non-genotoxic when compared to that of the control group. In addition, LMD exhibited antioxidant activities at low concentrations. In addition the TOS levels were not changed at all concentrations of LMD. Consequently, our results clearly demonstrated that LMD is non-genotoxic and it has an important antioxidant potential in vitro.
The Cytogenetic Effects of the Aqueous Extracts of Migratory Locust (Locusta Migratoria L.) in Vitro
(Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Turkez, Hasan; Incekara, Umit; Guner, Adem; Aydin, Elanur; Dirican, Ebubekir; Togar, Basak
One of the useful and most commonly cultivated commercially species, migratory locust (Locusta migratoria; Orthoptera), was investigated in light of genotoxic damage potentials. For this aim, we evaluated the genotoxic potentials of water soluble extracts of L. migratoria on cultured human blood cells. The micronucleus, sister chromatid exchange and structural chromosome aberration assays were applied to assess DNA and chromosomal damage produced by aqueous extracts in vitro. The extracts were added to the cultures at different concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000mg/L. Our results indicated that these extracts did not exhibit genotoxicity at tested concentrations. We conclude that this in vitro approach for biomonitoring genotoxicity assessment is useful for comparing the potential health risks of edible insects.
Cytotoxic and Cytogenetic Effects of α-Copaene on Rat Neuron and N2a Neuroblastoma Cell Lines
(Springer, 2014) Turkez, Hasan; Togar, Basak; Tatar, Abdulgani; Geyikoglu, Fatime; Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet
Alpha-copaene (alpha-COP), a tricyclic sesquiterpene, is present in several essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants and has antioxidant and antigenotoxic features. Its cytotoxic, cytogenetic and oxidative effects have not been investigated in neuron and N2a neuroblastoma (NB) cell cultures. Therefore, we aimed to describe in vitro: (i) cytotoxic properties by 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenlytetrazolium bromide test; (ii) antioxidant/oxidant activity by total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) analysis; and (iii) genotoxic damage potential by single cell gel electrophoresis - of alpha-COP in healthy neuron and N2a-NB cell cultures for the first time. Significant (P < 0.05) decrease in cell proliferation were observed in cultured primary rat neurons starting with the concentration of 150 mg/L and in N2a-NB cells starting with 100 mg/L. In addition, 25 mg/L of alpha-COP treatment caused increase of TAC levels and alpha-COP treatments at higher doses led to increase of TOS levels in neuron N2a-NB cell cultures. Moreover, none of the tested concentrations of alpha-COP have shown a genotoxic effect on both cell lines. Our findings clearly demonstrate that alpha-COP exhibited mild cytotoxic effects on N2a-NB cell line. In conclusion, alpha-COP may have potential as an anticancer agent, which needs to be further studied.
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: An in Vitro Biosafety Study
(Institute of Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, 2016) Sonmez, Erdal; Aydin, Elanur; Turkez, Hasan; Ozbek, Elvan; Togar, Basak; Meral, Kadem; Di Stefano, Antonio
With the development of nanotechnology and the wide use of iron oxide nanoparticles, it has become necessary to assess the potential adverse biological effects of magnetite. This study investigated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage of different concentrations of magnetite (0 to 1000 mg/L) in human whole blood cultures. After supplementation of magnetite, the blood samples were incubated for 72 h. Cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of magnetite on the oxidant/antioxidant balance and to evaluate the potential oxidative injury due to increased oxidative stress. Genotoxicity was estimated by by the sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays and determination of 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that the higher concentrations of magnetite (100, 150, 300, 500 and 1000 mg/L) decreased cell viability. Concentrations of magnetite higher than 10 mg/L increased TOS levels and decreased TAC levels in human blood cells. Increasing concentrations of magnetite caused significant increases in MN, SCE and CA rates and 8-OH-dG levels. The obtained results showed that magnetite exerted dose-dependent effects on oxidative damage, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human blood cells.
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Zingiberene on Different Neuron Cell Lines in Vitro
(Springer, 2015) Togar, Basak; Turkez, Hasan; Tatar, Abdulgani; Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet; Geyikoglu, Fatime
The main objective of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic, genotoxic and antioxidant properties of zingiberene (ZBN) in an in vitro rat brain cell culture study. The cytotoxic effect was determined against the rat neuron and N2a neuroblastoma (N2a-NB) cell lines using the 3,(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, while the antioxidant activity was assessed using the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) assays. The effects on DNA damage were also evaluated in this study by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay. The results indicated that ZBN has an anti-proliferative activity suppressing the proliferation of N2a-NB cells at concentrations over 50 mg L-1 and neuron cells at concentrations over 150 mg L-1. In addition, ZBN treatments at higher doses (10-400 mg L-1) led to increases of TOS levels in N2a-NB cell cultures. However 25 mg L-1 of ZBN treatment caused increases of TAC levels in cultured neuron and N2a-NB cell cultures while ZBN at doses of 10-400 mg L-1 did not increase the number of total damage score in both cell lines. This study clearly indicates that ZBN has a significant potential to be used as a natural anticancer agent in cultured N2a-NBs.
DNA Damaging and Biochemical Effects of Potassium Tetraborate
(Excli Journal Managing Office, 2014) Celikezen, Fatih Caglar; Turkez, Hasan; Togar, Basak; Izgi, Mehmet Sait
Potassium tetraborate (PTB) is a product resulting from the controlled reaction of potassium hydroxide, water and boric acid (BA). It is used in many areas of industry such as disinfectant, detergent and treatment of contact lenses. PTB is one of the boron compounds which is most commonly used in many areas of industry although very limited information is available concerning its toxicity. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to determine genetic and biochemical effects of PTB in human blood cell cultures (n=4). PTB was added into culture tubes at various concentrations (0-1280 mu g/ml). Micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA) tests were performed for genotoxic damage influences estimation. In addition, biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) were examined to determine oxidative effects. The results indicated that all tested concentrations of PTB were found to be non-genotoxic. In addition, low concentrations (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mu g/ml) of PTB caused increases of TAC levels. Furthermore, all concentrations of PTB were not changed the TOS levels in cultured human blood cells. Based on these results, in this study it has been reported for the first time that PTB is not genotoxic and it increases the antioxidant capacity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Effects of Copaene, a Tricyclic Sesquiterpene, on Human Lymphocytes Cells in vitro
(Springer, 2014) Turkez, Hasan; Celik, Kubra; Togar, Basak
In this study, the cytotoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic and antioxidant/oxidant activity of copaene (COP), a plant-derived tricyclic sesquiterpene, on human lymphocyte cultures (n = 5) was investigated. COP was added into culture tubes at various concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L). While the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used for viability and cytotoxic evaluations, the micronucleus (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays were used for genetic evaluations. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status analysis were used for biochemical evaluations. According to LDH and MTT assays COP significantly reduced cell proliferation at high concentrations (200 and 400 mg/L). In addition, there was no significant increase (P < 0.05) in both SCE and MN frequencies of cultures treated with COP as compared to controls. We have also concluded that concentrations of COP of 50 and 100 mg/L increased TAC level when compared to the controls. In conclusion, in this study it has been reported for the first time that copaene is not genotoxic and it increases the antioxidant capacity in human lymphocyte cultures.
Effects of Two Lichen Acids Isolated from Pseudevernia Furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Cultured Human Lymphocytes
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018) Emsen, Bugrahan; Togar, Basak; Turkez, Hasan; Aslan, Ali
The present study aims at assessing the efficacies of olivetoric acid (OA) and physodic acid (PA) isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) in human lymphocytes (HLs) in vitro. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to establish cytotoxicity in HLs. Besides, oxidative stress and genotoxicity were monitored by estimating the changes of total oxidative stress (TOS) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, respectively, in HLs. At the same time, OA- and PA-induced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in HLs were determined. Although especially low concentrations of OA (IC50 = 109.94 mg/L) and PA (IC50 = 665.49 mg/L) did not show cytotoxic effect at high levels in HLs, it was revealed that cytotoxicity was significantly (p 0.05) increase in the presence of all treatments (0.5-100 mg/L) of PA, TAC level was increased by PA applications in certain concentrations (0.5-10 mg/L). Overall, the obtained data indicate that OA and especially PA as lichen compounds that do not cause oxidative stress can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in the present study with their high antioxidant features.
Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Oxidative Stress and Genotoxic Responses of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Human Blood Cells
(Wiley, 2014) Turkez, Hasan; Yousef, Mokhtar I.; Sonmez, Erdal; Togar, Basak; Bakan, Feray; Sozio, Piera; Stefano, Antonio Di
The present study was designed to investigate genotoxic and cytotoxic effects and oxidative damage of increasing concentrations of nano-hydroxyapatite (5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150, 300, 500 and 1000ppm) in primary human blood cell cultures. Cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and lactate dehydrogenase release, while total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative stress levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, chromosome aberration assays and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine level as indicators of genotoxicity. The results of [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and lactate dehydrogenase assays showed that the higher concentrations (150, 300, 500 and 1000ppm) of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) decreased cell viability. HAP NPs led to increases of total oxidative stress (300, 500 and 1000ppm) levels and decreased total antioxidant capacity (150, 300, 500 and 1000ppm) levels in cultured human blood cells. On the basis of increasing concentrations, HAP NPs caused significant increases of sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, chromosome aberration rates and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine levels as compared to untreated culture. In conclusion, the obtained in vitro results showed that HAP NPs had dose-dependent effects on inducing oxidative damage, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human blood cells. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. .
Guaiazulene Biochemical Activity and Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Eff Ects on Rat Neuron and N2a Neuroblastom Cells
(Ejmanager LLC, 2015) Togar, Basak; Turkez, Hasan; Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet; Tatar, Abdulgani; Geyikoglu, Fatime
Aim: Neuroblastoma (NB) cells are often used in cancer researches such as glioblastoma cells since they have the potential of high mitotic activity, nuclear pleomorphism, and tumor necrosis. Guaiazulene (GYZ 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene) is present in several essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants. Many studies have reported the cytotoxic effect of GYZ; however, there are no studies that compare such effects between cancer cell lines and normal human cells after treatment with GYZ. Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed to describe in vitro antiproliferative and/or cytotoxic properties (by 3-[4,5 dimetylthiazol -2-yl]-2,5 diphenlytetrazolium bromide [MTT] test), oxidative effects (by total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and total oxidative stress [TOS] analysis) and genotoxic damage potentials (by single cell gel electrophoresis) of GYZ. Result: The results indicated that GYZ have anti-proliferative activity suppressing the proliferation of neuron and N2a-NB cells at high doses. In addition, GYZ treatments at higher doses led to decreases of TAC levels and increases of TOS levels in neuron and N2a-NB cells. On the other hand, the mean values of the total scores of cells showing DNA damage were not found different from the control values. Conclusion: From this study, it is observed that GYZ has in vitro cytotoxic activity against neuron and N2a-NB cells.
Hepatoprotective Potential of Astaxanthin Against 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
(Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Turkez, Hasan; Geyikoglu, Fatime; Yousef, Mokhtar I.; Togar, Basak; Gurbuz, Hasan; Celik, Kubra; Polat, Zuhal
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA) on cultured primary rat hepatocytes treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels, and liver micronucleus rates. ASTA (2.5, 5, and 10 mu M) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 mu M) for 48h. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that both doses of TCDD caused significant decrease in cell viability. Also, TCDD significantly increased TOS and decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increase in micronucleated hepatocytes) and 8-OH-dG level as compared to control culture. The presence of ASTA with TCDD minimized its effects on primary hepatocytes cultures and DNA damages.
In Vitro Antitumor Activities of the Lichen Compounds Olivetoric, Physodic and Psoromic Acid in Rat Neuron and Glioblastoma Cells
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Emsen, Bugrahan; Aslan, Ali; Togar, Basak; Turkez, Hasan
Context Since methods utilised in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are inadequate and have too many side effects, usage of herbal products in the treatment process comes into prominence. Lichens are symbiotic organisms used for medicinal purposes for many years. There are various anticancer treatments about components of two lichen species used in the present study.Objective Antitumor potential of three lichen secondary metabolites including olivetoric acid (OLA) and physodic acid (PHA) isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) and psoromic acid (PSA) isolated from Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert (Lecanoraceae) were investigated on human U87MG-GBM cell lines and primary rat cerebral cortex (PRCC) cells for the first time.Materials and methods PRCC cells used as healthy brain cells were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats. The treatments were carried out on the cells cultured for 48h. Cytotoxic effects of different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40mg/L) of metabolites on the cells were determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analyses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) parameters were used for assessing oxidative alterations. Oxidative DNA damage potentials of metabolites were investigated via evaluating 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels.Results Median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of OLA, PHA and PSA were 125.71, 698.19 and 79.40mg/L for PRCC cells and 17.55, 410.72 and 56.22mg/L for U87MG cells, respectively. It was revealed that cytotoxic effects of these metabolites showed positive correlation with concentration, LDH activity and oxidative DNA damage.Discussion and conclusion The present findings obtained in this study revealed that primarily OLA and then PSA had high potential for use in the treatment of GBM.
In Vitro Assessment of Genotoxic and Oxidative Effects of Zinc Borate
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Celikezen, Fatih Caglar; Turkez, Hasan; Togar, Basak
Zinc borate is used as flame retardant for plastics and cellulose fibers, paper, rubber, and textiles. Despite its wide industrial use, there is limited information concerning its toxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the concentration dependence (0-280mg L-1) of its genotoxic activity on cultured human lymphocytes by using sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberration assays. Total antioxidant capacity and the extent of oxidative stress were also determined. Zinc borate was found to be non-genotoxic at all tested concentrations. It exhibited antioxidant activity at concentrations lower than 40mg L-1, and total oxidative stress levels were not changed at any applied concentration of zinc borate.
In Vitro Biomonitoring of the Genotoxic and Oxidative Potentials of Two Commonly Eaten Insects in Southwestern Nigeria
(Sage Publications Inc, 2013) Memis, Eray; Turkez, Hasan; Incekara, Umit; Banjo, Adedoyin Davies; Fasunwon, Bamidele Temitope; Togar, Basak
In this study, the cytogenetic and oxidative effects of water soluble extracts of two commonly eaten insects, Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) and Oryctes boas (Solanales: Solanaceae), in southwestern Nigeria were evaluated on cultured human blood cells. The extracts were added to the cultures at various concentrations (0-2000 ppm). The chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests were used to find out the DNA and chromosomal damage potentials in vitro by aqueous insect extracts. To assess the oxidative effects of these insect extracts, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were also measured. Our results indicated that these extracts did not show genotoxic effects at the tested concentrations. However, the extracts caused dose-dependent alterations in both TAC and TOS levels. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the studied insects can be consumed safely, but it is necessary to consider the cellular damages that are likely to appear depending on the oxidative stress. We also suggest that this in vitro approach for oxidative and genotoxicity assessments may be useful to compare the potential health risks of edible insects.
In Vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Antioxidant/Oxidant Effects of Guaiazulene on Human Lymphocytes
(Inst Tecnologia Parana, 2015) Togar, Basak; Celik, Kubra; Turkez, Hasan
The aim of this study was to evaluate for the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antioxidant/oxidant activity of GYZ on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Guaiazulene (GYZ) was added into culture tubes at various concentrations (0-400 mu g/mL(-1)). Cytotoxicity against the human lymphocytes cultures was examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The proliferative response was estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antioxidant/oxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA) tests were used in genotoxicity studies. The results showed that GYZ caused cytotoxicity in the PBLs at high concentrations, but TOS level were not affected, while the level of TAC was significantly increased. GYZ also did not induce chromosomal aberrations when compared to that of the control group. Results this study clearly revealed that GYZ was not genotoxic and also increased the capacity of the antioxidant in the culture of human PBL cells. This report is first report on the impact of GYZ on human PBL cells.
In Vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Effects of Acyclic Sesquiterpene Farnesene
(TÜBİTAK Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Celik, Kubra; Togar, Basak; Turkez, Hasan; Taspinar, Numan
Farnesene (FNS) is an acyclic sesquiterpene. It has a wide range of important biological effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties, although its cytotoxic, cytogenetic, and oxidative effects have not been investigated in human blood tissue yet. To this aim, both MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were carried out to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxicity. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) parameters were used to assess oxidative alterations. In addition, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests were used for mutagenic and genotoxic studies. The results revealed that FNS reduced cell viability at concentrations of higher than 100 mu g/mL. All tested concentrations of FNS were found to be nongenotoxic. In addition, the in vitro treatments with FNS led to increases of TAC levels in cultured blood cells without changing TOS levels as compared to the control group. Our results demonstrate that FNS could be used as an antioxidant compound resource that may have applications in the food and drug industries.
The in Vitro Protective Effect of Salicylic Acid Against Paclitaxel and Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity
(Springer, 2016) Cetin, Damla; Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet; Tatar, Abdulgani; Turkez, Hasan; Togar, Basak
Paclitaxel (PAC) and cisplatin (CIS) are two established chemotherapeutic drugs used in combination for the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the usage of PAC and CIS are limited because of the incidence of their moderate or severe neurotoxic side effects. In this study, we aimed to assess the protective role of salicylic acid (SA) against neurotoxicity caused by PAC and CIS. For this purpose, newborn Sprague Dawley rats were decapitated in sterile atmosphere and primary cortex neuron cultures were established. On the 10th day SA was added into culture plates. PAC and CIS were added on the 12th day. The cytotoxicity was determined by using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Oxidative alterations were assessed using total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative stress assays in rat primary neuron cell cultures. It was shown that both concentrations of PAC and CIS treatments caused neurotoxicity. Although SA decreased the neurotoxicity by CIS and PAC, it was more effective against the toxicity caused by CIS rather than the toxicity caused by PAC. In conclusion it was clearly revealed that SA decreased the neurotoxic effect of CIS and PAC in vitro.