Investigating the Effect of Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticle in U87mg Glioma and Pc3 Prostatecancer: Molecular Approaches

Abstract

Yttrium oxide ($Y_2O_3$) nanoparticles have very wide application areas such as biologicalimaging, photodynamic therapy, the material sciences, in the chemical synthesis of inorganiccompounds, additives in plastic, paint, steel, optics, and iron. Potential risks to human health and theenvironment should be evaluated in a multi-dimensional perspective when developing nanoparticles forthose applications. Therefore, in this research, we aimed to investigate changes in gene expressionprofiles (genes involved in different biological pathways) influenced by commonly Yttrium oxide($Y_2O_3$) nanoparticle in human U87MG glioma and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. The study wasplanned to be carried out in two stages. In the first stage, cell viability and cytotoxicity parameters werestudied using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenaserelease assays, respectively, with human U87MG glioma and human PC3 prostate cancer cell cultures.In the second stage, to obtain a clear insight into the molecular events after exposing, we examined theeffects of selected $Y_2O_3$ nanoparticle on the expression of genes in U87MG and PC3 cell cultures using$RT^2$ Profiler PCR Arrays. $Y_2O_3$ nanoparticles have IC20 of 0,18 mg/L and 2,903 mg/L in PC3 andU87MG cell lines, respectively. $Y_2O_3$ nanoparticle induced up-regulation of 24 and down-regulation of22 genes in PC3 cells and up-regulation of 53 and down-regulation of 27 genes in U87MG cells. Thisstudy of gene expression profiles affected by nanotoxicity provides critical information for the clinicaland environmental applications of $Y_2O_3$ nanoparticles.