Özel Eğitim Kurumlarında Çalışan Erkek Eğitimcilerde Mansplaining (Erbilmişlik) Davranışı
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2024
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Open Access Color
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Kadınların toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinden kaynaklanan ayrımcılıklara maruz kalmasının tarihi, insanlık tarihiyle eştir. Hem kamusal alanda hem de özel alanda görülen ayrımcılığın temelinde ise toplumda gömülü erkek egemen kültürün ve ataerkil aile yapısının etkisi büyüktür. Bu yapı erkekleri üstün, kadınları ise ikincil olarak konumlandırmaktadır. Çalışan kadınlar, geçmiş dönemlere göre iş dünyasında daha çok fırsata sahip olabilmelerine rağmen; düşük maaş, uzun çalışma saatleri, niteliksiz iş pozisyonları, psikolojik şiddet ve mansplaining (erbilmişlik) davranışı gibi sorunlarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Erkek egemen toplumsal yapının günlük hayattaki belirgin tezahürlerinden biri olan mansplaining davranışı, erkeklerin kadınlarla üstenci bir tavırla ve genellikle öğretici bir üslupla iletişim kurmalarını ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışma, özel eğitim kurumlarında çalışan kadın eğitimcilerin deneyimlediği mansplaining tavrının erkek eğitimcilerin söylemleri üzerinden ayrıntılı bir analizini gerçekleştirmekte ve söz konusu söylemlerde toplumsal cinsiyet normlarının belirleyiciliğini anlamaya yönelik bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Araştırma, Ağrı ilindeki özel eğitim kurumlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede 25 erkek eğitimciyle yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Soruların kadın eğitimciler yerine doğrudan erkek eğitimcilere yöneltilmiş olması, bu çalışmaya özgünlük kazandırmaktadır. Yarı yapılandırılmış açık uçlu soruların yöneltildiği katılımcıların yanıtları, feminist perspektif çerçevesinde derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin eğitim alanındaki yansımalarını ve kadın öğretmenlerin profesyonel iş yaşamlarında karşılaştırkları zorlukları açığa çıkarmaktadır. Araştırmanın temel kısıtlılığı, örneklemin yalnızca Ağrı iline özgü olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Böylece bulguların diğer şehirlerdeki veya kırsal yerleşim yerlerindeki durumu yansıtması anlamında sınırlılık ortaya çıkmaktadır. Gelecek araştırmalarda farklı coğrafi bölgelerde ek çalışmalar yapılması önerilmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin bir yansıması olan mansplaining davranışının özel eğitim kurumlarında nasıl tezahür ettiğini derinlemesine incelemeyi ve bunun kadın öğretmenler üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymayı hedefleyen bu çalışmada; mansplaining davranışının erkeklerin toplumsal olarak üstün bir konumda kabul edilmesi ve kadınların ikincil rollerle bağdaştırılmasıyla ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Böylece erkek eğitimciler, kadınlarla olan günlük ilişkilerinde ve kadınlara karşı söylemlerinde, toplum tarafından kendilerine bahşedilen birincil konumlarını yeniden üretmektedirler. Erkek eğitimcilerin ortaya koyduğu söylemlerin; toplumsal cinsiyet hiyerarşisi, ataerki, otorite ve güç, erkeklerin itaat ve onay beklentisi, erkeklerde bilgi ve yetkinlik varsayımı, kadınların bilgisine şüpheyle yaklaşma, erkeklerde aşırı güven ve kendini beğenme, kadınların uzmanlığının ve yetkinliğin göz ardı edilmesi, rasyonelliğe karşı duygusallık, kadını ikincil nitelendirme ve değersizleştirme ve kadınların iletişim becerilerine güvensizlik şeklinde sıralanabilecek söylem kateorilerine denk geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Partiyarki, Feminizm, Mansplaining, Özel Eğitim Kurumları
Discrimination against women on the grounds of gender inequality is a phenomenon with a history that extends back to the very origins of humanity. The male-dominated culture that is embedded in society and the patriarchal family structure have a significant impact on discrimination in both public and private spheres. This structure characterises men as superior and women as subordinate. Despite the expansion of opportunities for women in the business world, they continue to confront a range of challenges, including low salaries, lengthy working hours, unsuitable job roles, psychological violence and the phenomenon of 'mansplaining'. The latter refers to instances where men communicate with women in a superior and instructive manner, reflecting the persistence of a male-dominated social structure in daily life. This study employs a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of mansplaining as experienced by female teachers in the context of special education institutions. It draws upon the discourses of male educators to elucidate the determinants of gender norms within these discourses. The research was conducted in private education institutions in the Ağr In order to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 male educators. The fact that the questions were directed directly to male educators instead of female educators introduces an element of originality to this study. The responses to the semi-structured open-ended questions were subjected to in-depth analysis from a feminist perspective. The findings elucidate the ramifications of gender inequality in the domain of education and the challenges encountered by female educators in their professional endeavors. The principal limitation of the research is that the sample is confined to the province of Ağrı. Consequently, the findings may not fully encompass the circumstances prevailing in other urban or rural settings. It is, therefore, recommended that future research encompass a broader geographical scope. The objective of this study is to examine in depth how the phenomenon of 'mansplaining' – defined as the act of explaining something to someone of a lower status in a way that assumes that the male speaker is of a higher status – manifests itself in special education institutions and to reveal its effects on female teachers. The study found that there is a relationship between the occurrence of 'mansplaining' and the socially superior position of men and the association of women with secondary roles. This suggests that in their daily relations with women and in their discourse towards women, male educators reproduce their primary position that is endowed to them by society. It was found that the discourses of male educators corresponded to discourse categories that can be listed as gender hierarchy, patriarchy, authority and power, men's expectation of obedience and approval, men's assumption of knowledge and competence, scepticism towards women's knowledge, overconfidence and self-confidence in men, disregard of women's expertise and competence, emotionalism against rationality in women, secondary characterisation and devaluation of women, and distrust in women's communication skills. Keywords: Gender, Patriarchy, Feminism, Mansplaining, Private Education Institutons
Discrimination against women on the grounds of gender inequality is a phenomenon with a history that extends back to the very origins of humanity. The male-dominated culture that is embedded in society and the patriarchal family structure have a significant impact on discrimination in both public and private spheres. This structure characterises men as superior and women as subordinate. Despite the expansion of opportunities for women in the business world, they continue to confront a range of challenges, including low salaries, lengthy working hours, unsuitable job roles, psychological violence and the phenomenon of 'mansplaining'. The latter refers to instances where men communicate with women in a superior and instructive manner, reflecting the persistence of a male-dominated social structure in daily life. This study employs a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of mansplaining as experienced by female teachers in the context of special education institutions. It draws upon the discourses of male educators to elucidate the determinants of gender norms within these discourses. The research was conducted in private education institutions in the Ağr In order to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 male educators. The fact that the questions were directed directly to male educators instead of female educators introduces an element of originality to this study. The responses to the semi-structured open-ended questions were subjected to in-depth analysis from a feminist perspective. The findings elucidate the ramifications of gender inequality in the domain of education and the challenges encountered by female educators in their professional endeavors. The principal limitation of the research is that the sample is confined to the province of Ağrı. Consequently, the findings may not fully encompass the circumstances prevailing in other urban or rural settings. It is, therefore, recommended that future research encompass a broader geographical scope. The objective of this study is to examine in depth how the phenomenon of 'mansplaining' – defined as the act of explaining something to someone of a lower status in a way that assumes that the male speaker is of a higher status – manifests itself in special education institutions and to reveal its effects on female teachers. The study found that there is a relationship between the occurrence of 'mansplaining' and the socially superior position of men and the association of women with secondary roles. This suggests that in their daily relations with women and in their discourse towards women, male educators reproduce their primary position that is endowed to them by society. It was found that the discourses of male educators corresponded to discourse categories that can be listed as gender hierarchy, patriarchy, authority and power, men's expectation of obedience and approval, men's assumption of knowledge and competence, scepticism towards women's knowledge, overconfidence and self-confidence in men, disregard of women's expertise and competence, emotionalism against rationality in women, secondary characterisation and devaluation of women, and distrust in women's communication skills. Keywords: Gender, Patriarchy, Feminism, Mansplaining, Private Education Institutons
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Kamu Yönetimi, Public Administration
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