Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Maksimum Yağışların Zamansal ve Mekansal Trend Analizi
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2022
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Abstract
Küresel iklim değişikliğinin bir sonucu olarak çıkan hidro-meteorolojik ve klimatolojik doğal afetler son yıllarda artış göstermektedir. Bu doğal afetlerin başında ekstrem yağışlarının meydana getirdiği taşkın olayları gelmektedir. Ülkemizde gözlenen ekstrem yağış olaylarındaki artışların analiz edilmesi su yönetimi ve planlama açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında özellikle son yıllarda meydana gelen taşkınlar ile yoğun can ve mal kaybına maruz kalan Karadeniz bölgesinin maksimum yağışlarının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için, ilk olarak Karadeniz bölgesinde bulunan 17 meteoroloji istasyonuna ait günlük maksimum yağış veri setlerinin homojenlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Homojenlik analizlerinde Standart Normal Homojenlik Testi (SNHT), Pettitt Testi ve Buishand Testleri kullanılmıştır. Test sonuçlarına göre Karadeniz Bölgesi maksimum yağış verilerinin istatistiki açıdan (%95 güven aralığında) homojen olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Daha sonra maksimum yağış verilerinin zamansal ve mekânsal trend analizleri Mann-Kendall ve sequential Mann-Kendall trend testleri ile yapılmıştır. Mann-Kendall trend testi sonuçlarına göre 17 istasyonun 3 tanesinde (Giresun, Sinop ve Bartın) %95 güven aralığında istatistiksel olarak artan trend belirlenmiştir. Diğer 14 istasyonun 3 tanesinde azalan diğer 11 tanesinde ise artan trend belirlenmiştir fakat bu trendler istatistiki açıdan anlamlı değerlere ulaşmamaktadır. Sequential Mann-Kendall sonuçlarına göre ise istatistiki açıdan anlamlı trend olan istasyonların trend başlangıç yıllarının 2001 (Sinop ve Giresun) ve 2008 (Bartın) olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Hydro-meteorological and climatological natural disasters as a result of global climate change have increased in recent years. One of the most important natural disasters are flood events caused by extreme precipitation. Analyzing the increase in extreme precipitation events observed in our country is important in terms of water management and planning. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to analyze the maximum precipitation of the Black Sea region, which has been exposed to heavy loss of life and property, especially with the floods that have occurred in recent years. For this purpose, firstly, homogeneity analyzes of daily maximum precipitation datasets of 17 meteorological stations in the Black Sea region were adhered to. Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT), Pettitt Test and Buishand Tests were used in homogeneity analysis. According to the test results, it was concluded that the maximum precipitation data of the Black Sea region were statistically homogeneous (with 95% confidence interval). Then, temporal and spatial trend analyzes of maximum precipitation data were performed with Mann-Kendall and sequential Mann-Kendall trend tests. According to the results of Mann-Kendall trend test, statistically increasing trend was determined at 95% confidence interval in 3 of 17 stations (Giresun, Sinop and Bartın). A decreasing trend was determined in 3 of the other 14 stations and an increasing trend was determined in the other 11 stations, but these trends do not reach statistically significant values. According to the Sequential Mann-Kendall results, it was concluded that the trend start years of the stations with a statistically significant trend were 2001 (Sinop and Giresun) and 2008 (Bartın).
Hydro-meteorological and climatological natural disasters as a result of global climate change have increased in recent years. One of the most important natural disasters are flood events caused by extreme precipitation. Analyzing the increase in extreme precipitation events observed in our country is important in terms of water management and planning. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to analyze the maximum precipitation of the Black Sea region, which has been exposed to heavy loss of life and property, especially with the floods that have occurred in recent years. For this purpose, firstly, homogeneity analyzes of daily maximum precipitation datasets of 17 meteorological stations in the Black Sea region were adhered to. Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT), Pettitt Test and Buishand Tests were used in homogeneity analysis. According to the test results, it was concluded that the maximum precipitation data of the Black Sea region were statistically homogeneous (with 95% confidence interval). Then, temporal and spatial trend analyzes of maximum precipitation data were performed with Mann-Kendall and sequential Mann-Kendall trend tests. According to the results of Mann-Kendall trend test, statistically increasing trend was determined at 95% confidence interval in 3 of 17 stations (Giresun, Sinop and Bartın). A decreasing trend was determined in 3 of the other 14 stations and an increasing trend was determined in the other 11 stations, but these trends do not reach statistically significant values. According to the Sequential Mann-Kendall results, it was concluded that the trend start years of the stations with a statistically significant trend were 2001 (Sinop and Giresun) and 2008 (Bartın).
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İnşaat Mühendisliği, Ardışık Testler, Homojenlik, Karadeniz Bölgesi, Mann-Kendall Testi, Trend Analizi, Yağış Miktarı, Civil Engineering, Sequential Tests, Homogenity, Black Sea Region, Mann-Kendall Test, Trend Analysis, Precipitation Amount
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