İkinci Yeni Şiirinde Hayvanlar
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Date
2025
Authors
Ergün, Rümeysa
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Türk edebiyatında 1950'li yıllarda kendini gösteren İkinci Yeni hareketi, ortak bir hareket olarak değil, şairlerin benzer anlayışlarda şiirler yazmasıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. Hem biçim hem de içerik bakımından geleneksel şiir anlayışına karşı geliştirilen modernist bir arayış olarak değerlendirilen hareket, özellikle Garip şiirine ve toplumcu gerçekçiliğe tepki olarak başlamıştır. Muzaffer Erdost, 19 Ağustos 1956 yılında Son Havadis adlı gazetede yayımladığı 'İkinci Yeni' yazısıyla, bu harekete ismini vermiştir. İkinci Yeni, bireyin iç dünyasını, bilinçaltını, dilin imkânlarını ve çağrışıma dayalı anlam alanlarını merkeze alan özgün bir şiir anlayışı sunmuştur. Garip Hareketi'nin kullanmadığı imgeler, bu hareketle tekrardan şiire girmiştir. Anlamı doğrudan iletmeyen, soyutluğu ve kapalılığı benimseyen bir şiir dili kurulmuş; alışılmışın dışında olan imgeler, çağrışımlar, parçalı anlatım ve mantık dışı kurgularla şiirde yeni bir estetik düzlem oluşturulmuştur. Anlama önem vermeyen İkinci Yeni şairleri, duyguları ve hayal gücünü ön planda tutmuştur. İlhan Berk, Turgut Uyar, Edip Cansever, Cemal Süreya, Ece Ayhan ve Sezai Karakoç gibi kıymetli isimlerden oluşan İkinci Yeni Hareketi, yeni oluşturduğu şiir dilini kullanırken hayvan imgelerinden oldukça yararlanmıştır. Bu imgeler aracılığıyla dil sıradanlıktan kurtarılmıştır. Onların şiirlerinde hayvanlar yalnızca doğayı yansıtan varlıklar değil, insan ruhunun karanlık yönlerini, kentleşme sonucu ortaya çıkan kimlik bunalımlarını, toplumsal eleştirileri, varoluşsal sorgulamaları ya da dilsel oyunları aktaran semboller hâline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda hayvan imgeleri, İkinci Yeni şiirinin soyutlama gücünü arttırmış, şiir dilini gündelik olandan uzaklaştırarak sıra dışılığı ve özgünlüğü öne çıkarmıştır. Anlamın ön planda olmadığı bu şiirlerde okuyucu, imgeler aracılığıyla şiiri yalnızca anlamaya değil, aynı zamanda hissetmeye, sezgisel bir düzlemde kavramaya davet edilmiştir. Çalışmada, İkinci yeni şairlerine ait şiir kitapları incelenmiş, hayvanların yer aldığı şiirler ayrılarak incelenmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Ancak bu inceleme sürecinde şiirlerde geçen her hayvan imgesi değerlendirme kapsamına alınmamıştır. Bunun sebebi, bazı hayvan imgelerinin şiirlerde gerçek ya da yüzeysel anlamlarıyla kullanılması, şiirsel bağlamda herhangi bir çağrışımsal veya sembolik bir işlev üstlenmemiş olmasındandır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İkinci Yeni, Hayvan İmgeleri, İlhan Berk, Cemal Süreya, Turgut Uyar.
The Second New movement, which emerged in Turkish literature in the 1950s, emerged not as a common movement, but as poets writing poems with similar understandings. The movement, which is considered a modernist quest against the traditional understanding of poetry in terms of both form and content, started as a reaction to the Garip poetry and socialist realism. Muzaffer Erdost gave the movement its name with his article 'İkinci Yeni' published in the newspaper Son Havadis on August 19, 1956. The Second New presented an original understanding of poetry that centered on the inner world of the individual, the subconscious, the possibilities of language and connotative meaning. The images not used by the Strange Movement were re-introduced into poetry with this movement. A poetic language that does not directly convey meaning and adopts abstractness and closedness was established; a new aesthetic plane was created in poetry with unusual images, associations, fragmented expression and illogical fictions. The Second New poets, who did not attach importance to meaning, prioritized emotions and imagination. The Second New Movement, consisting of valuable names such as İlhan Berk, Turgut Uyar, Edip Cansever, Cemal Süreya, Ece Ayhan and Sezai Karakoç, made great use of animal imagery while using the newly created poetic language. Through these images, the language was saved from ordinariness. In their poems, animals are not only beings that reflect nature, but also symbols that convey the dark aspects of the human soul, identity crises resulting from urbanization, social criticism, existential questioning or linguistic games. In this context, animal imagery increased the power of abstraction in the Second New Poetry and emphasized the extraordinary and originality by distancing the poetic language from the everyday. In these poems, where meaning is not at the forefront, the reader is invited not only to understand the poem through images, but also to feel it, to grasp it on an intuitive plane. In this study, the poetry books of the poets of the Second New New were analyzed and the poems containing animals were separated and analyzed. However, not every animal image in the poems was included in this analysis process. The reason for this is that some animal images are used in poems with their literal or superficial meanings and do not assume any connotative or symbolic function in the poetic context. Key Words: İkinci Yeni, Animals, İlhan Berk, Cemal Süreya, Turgut Uyar.
The Second New movement, which emerged in Turkish literature in the 1950s, emerged not as a common movement, but as poets writing poems with similar understandings. The movement, which is considered a modernist quest against the traditional understanding of poetry in terms of both form and content, started as a reaction to the Garip poetry and socialist realism. Muzaffer Erdost gave the movement its name with his article 'İkinci Yeni' published in the newspaper Son Havadis on August 19, 1956. The Second New presented an original understanding of poetry that centered on the inner world of the individual, the subconscious, the possibilities of language and connotative meaning. The images not used by the Strange Movement were re-introduced into poetry with this movement. A poetic language that does not directly convey meaning and adopts abstractness and closedness was established; a new aesthetic plane was created in poetry with unusual images, associations, fragmented expression and illogical fictions. The Second New poets, who did not attach importance to meaning, prioritized emotions and imagination. The Second New Movement, consisting of valuable names such as İlhan Berk, Turgut Uyar, Edip Cansever, Cemal Süreya, Ece Ayhan and Sezai Karakoç, made great use of animal imagery while using the newly created poetic language. Through these images, the language was saved from ordinariness. In their poems, animals are not only beings that reflect nature, but also symbols that convey the dark aspects of the human soul, identity crises resulting from urbanization, social criticism, existential questioning or linguistic games. In this context, animal imagery increased the power of abstraction in the Second New Poetry and emphasized the extraordinary and originality by distancing the poetic language from the everyday. In these poems, where meaning is not at the forefront, the reader is invited not only to understand the poem through images, but also to feel it, to grasp it on an intuitive plane. In this study, the poetry books of the poets of the Second New New were analyzed and the poems containing animals were separated and analyzed. However, not every animal image in the poems was included in this analysis process. The reason for this is that some animal images are used in poems with their literal or superficial meanings and do not assume any connotative or symbolic function in the poetic context. Key Words: İkinci Yeni, Animals, İlhan Berk, Cemal Süreya, Turgut Uyar.
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Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkish Language and Literature
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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224
