Baş-Boyun Kanser Hücrelerinde SALL4 Geninin Direnç Genleri ile Olan İlişkilerinin Araştırılması
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2025
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Sal benzeri protein 4 (SALL4), embriyonik kök hücrelerinde bulunan bir transkripsiyon faktörüdür ancak baş ve boyun skuamöz hücreli karsinomlar da (BBSHK) dahil olmak üzere kanser hücrelerinde aşırı ifade edildiği ve kanser gelişimi, ilerlemesi ve metastaz ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu nedenle bu tez çalışmasında SALL4 geninin BBSHK'de ilaç direnci gelişimi veya direnç geliştirilmiş hücreler üzerindeki etkilerinin aydınlatılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmamızda FaDu hücreleri normal ve ilaç direnci geliştirilmiş formlarda kullanılmış ve deneyler pozitif kontrol grubu, inhibisyon grubu, PTX uygulanan grup, hem inhibisyon hem de ilaç uygulaması yapılan grup ve negatif kontrol grubu olmak üzere 6 grup üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Hem normal hem de ilaç direnci geliştirilmiş hücrelerde SALL4 inhibisyonu gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qRT-PZR) ve Western Blot (WB) ile kontrol edilmiş ardından SALL4 geninin direnç genleriyle olan ilişkisi moleküler genetik analizler ile detaylandırılmış. Daha sonra hücre hatlarında hücre döngüsü, hücre migrasyonu ve apoptotik durum incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarında SALL4'ün her iki hücre hattında da başarıyla inhibe edildiği ayrıca, SALL4 baskılanmasının PTX'in apoptozu artırıcı etkisini güçlendirdiği, hücre döngüsü üzerine antiproliferatif etki yaptığı ve özellikle dirençli hücrelerde PTX ile birlikte uygulandığında sinerjik etki oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulguların, BBSHK'de yeni terapötik stratejilerin geliştirilmesine ve hastaların tedaviye daha iyi yanıt vermesine yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4) is a transcription factor found in embryonic stem cells, but it has been shown to be overexpressed in cancer cells, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and is associated with cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, this thesis study aimed to elucidate the effects of the SALL4 gene on drug resistance development or resistance-developed cells in HNSCC. In our study, FaDU cells were used in normal and drug-resistant forms, and experiments were conducted on 6 groups, namely positive control group, inhibition group, PTX-applied group, both inhibition and drug-applied group, and negative control group. SALL4 inhibition in both normal and drug-resistant cells was checked with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot (WB), and then the relationship between the SALL4 gene and resistance genes was detailed with molecular genetic analyses. Then, cell cycle, cell migration, and apoptotic status were examined in cell lines. The analysis results showed that SALL4 was successfully inhibited in both cell lines, and that SALL4 suppression strengthened the apoptosis-increasing effect of PTX; had an antiproliferative effect on the cell cycle, and created a synergistic effect when applied together with PTX, especially in resistant cells. It is thought that the findings obtained may help develop new therapeutic strategies in HNSCC and help patients respond better to treatment.
Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4) is a transcription factor found in embryonic stem cells, but it has been shown to be overexpressed in cancer cells, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and is associated with cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, this thesis study aimed to elucidate the effects of the SALL4 gene on drug resistance development or resistance-developed cells in HNSCC. In our study, FaDU cells were used in normal and drug-resistant forms, and experiments were conducted on 6 groups, namely positive control group, inhibition group, PTX-applied group, both inhibition and drug-applied group, and negative control group. SALL4 inhibition in both normal and drug-resistant cells was checked with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot (WB), and then the relationship between the SALL4 gene and resistance genes was detailed with molecular genetic analyses. Then, cell cycle, cell migration, and apoptotic status were examined in cell lines. The analysis results showed that SALL4 was successfully inhibited in both cell lines, and that SALL4 suppression strengthened the apoptosis-increasing effect of PTX; had an antiproliferative effect on the cell cycle, and created a synergistic effect when applied together with PTX, especially in resistant cells. It is thought that the findings obtained may help develop new therapeutic strategies in HNSCC and help patients respond better to treatment.
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Biyoloji, Genetik, Biology, Genetics
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