TiAlN TiSin ve AlCrSin İle Kaplanmış Tungsten Karbür Kesici Takımların Yapısal Tribolojik Özelliklerinin Karakterizasyonu ve Plastik Enjeksiyon Kalıp Çeliği Frezeleme Performanslarının Belirlenmesi
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Date
2022
Authors
Çam, Ali Sezer
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Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında, talaşlı imalatta yaygın olarak kullanılan karbür kesici takım malzemesinin aşınma performansını iyileştirmek amacıyla katodik ark fiziksel buhar kaplama (KAFBK) yöntemi ile çift tabakalı TiAlN/TiSiN ve tek tabakalı AlCrSiN kaplamaları taban malzeme üzerine büyütülmüştür. Kaplamalar, hem karbür silindirik test numuneleri üzerine hem de parmak frezeler üzerine uygulanmıştır. Kaplamaların karakterizasyonu silindirik test numuneleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş olup kaplamaların yapısal, mekanik ve tribolojik özellikleri X-ışını kırınım ölçer, mikrosertlik cihazı, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), tribometre test cihazı ve optik profilometre yardımı ile belirlenmiştir. Kaplamaların gerçek çalışma performanslarının saptanması için, işlemsiz ve kaplanmış parmak frezeler ile plastik enjeksiyon kalıp çeliğinden (Impax çeliği) imal edilmiş iş parçası CNC dik işleme merkezinde işlenmiştir. Takım yolları ve G kodları hem klasik kesim hem de yeni nesil kesim stratejisi ile oluşturulmuş olup SolidCAM 2,5 eksen ve iMachining modülleri kullanılmıştır. Frezeleme işlemi sonrası, kesici takımların aşınma performansı kütle kaybı yöntemiyle ve SEM analizleri yapılarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca talaşlı imalat işlemleri sonrası çelik iş parçasının yüzey kalitesi tespit edilmiştir. Çift tabakalı TiAlN/TiSiN ince film kaplanmış numunenin sertlik ve adezyon sonuçları, tek tabakalı AlCrSiN kaplanmış numuneden daha yüksek olup, bunun bir sonucu olarak çift tabakalı TiAlN/TiSiN ince film kaplanmış numunenin aşınma oranı değeri daha düşük olarak elde edilmiştir. 2,5 eksen modülü kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen frezeleme işlemlerinde, iMachining modülüne göre daha iyi yüzey kalitesi ve daha az kütle kaybı gözlenmesine karşın, iMachining modülü işleme süresini önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır.
In this thesis, double-layer TiAlN/TiSiN and single-layer AlCrSiN coatings were grown on the base material by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD) technic to enhance the wear performance of carbide cutting tool material produced for machining plastic injection die steel in machining. Coating processes were applied both on carbide end mills and on cylindrical test specimens. Characterization of coatings was applied on cylindrical test specimens. The tribological, mechanical and structural characteristics of the produced coatings were determined via X-ray diffraction meter, microhardness device, tribometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical profilometer. So as to specify the real working effect of the coatings, the workpiece made of plastic injection die steel (Impax steel) with untreated and coated end mills was machined with CNC vertical machining center. G codes and toolpaths were created with both classical cutting and modern cutting strategies. After the machining, the wear performance of the cutting tools was investigated by SEM and mass loss method. Also the surface grade of the steel work piece was determined after the machining processes. The adhesion and hardness results of the double-layered TiAlN/TiSiN thin film coated specimen were higher than the single-layer AlCrSiN coated specimen. Consequently the value of wear rate of the double-layered TiAlN/TiSiN thin film coated specimen was less then AlCrSiN coated and uncoated samples. Although better surface quality and less mass loss are observed in milling operations performed using the 2,5-axis module, the iMachining module was more advantageous as regards machining time.
In this thesis, double-layer TiAlN/TiSiN and single-layer AlCrSiN coatings were grown on the base material by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD) technic to enhance the wear performance of carbide cutting tool material produced for machining plastic injection die steel in machining. Coating processes were applied both on carbide end mills and on cylindrical test specimens. Characterization of coatings was applied on cylindrical test specimens. The tribological, mechanical and structural characteristics of the produced coatings were determined via X-ray diffraction meter, microhardness device, tribometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical profilometer. So as to specify the real working effect of the coatings, the workpiece made of plastic injection die steel (Impax steel) with untreated and coated end mills was machined with CNC vertical machining center. G codes and toolpaths were created with both classical cutting and modern cutting strategies. After the machining, the wear performance of the cutting tools was investigated by SEM and mass loss method. Also the surface grade of the steel work piece was determined after the machining processes. The adhesion and hardness results of the double-layered TiAlN/TiSiN thin film coated specimen were higher than the single-layer AlCrSiN coated specimen. Consequently the value of wear rate of the double-layered TiAlN/TiSiN thin film coated specimen was less then AlCrSiN coated and uncoated samples. Although better surface quality and less mass loss are observed in milling operations performed using the 2,5-axis module, the iMachining module was more advantageous as regards machining time.
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Keywords
Makine Mühendisliği, Aşınma, Frezeleme, Kaplama, Kesici Takımlar, Paslanmaz Çelik, Mechanical Engineering, Wear, Milling, Coating, Cutting Tools, Stainless Steel
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