Fungal Kompozitlerin Üretiminde Kullanılabilecek Lignoselülozik Fungusların İzolasyonu ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu
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Date
2025
Authors
Cinisli, Beste Gizem
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Abstract
Fungal kompozitler ucuz ve çevresel olarak sürdürülebilir malzemelerin yeni bir sınıfı olup; düşük ticari değere sahip tarımsal ve endüstriyel atık malzemelerden, darbe direnci yüksek, yangına dayanıklı, termal ve akustik yalıtım özellikleri gösteren daha yüksek değerliliğe sahip kompozit malzemelerin üretimini mümkün kılarlar. Günümüzde bu kompozitlerin geldiği noktada, üretimin ticari girişimlerin tekelinde olduğu; var olan literatür bilgisinin kısıtlılığı; bu güne kadar araştırılmış fungus türü ve substrakt çeşidinin azlığı gibi sorunlar, bu kompozitlerin yaygın kullanımını sınırlamaktadır. Bu nedenlerle tez çalışmasında, fungal kompozit üretiminde kullanılabilecek yeni fungus türlerinin ve/veya var olan türlerin farklı karakterlerde lokal izolatlarının keşfi amaçlanmıştır. Tez çalışması boyunca araziden toplanan örneklerden 11 tanesi yapay besiyerinde saflaştırılarak üretilmiştir. Ardından lignolitik/selülozik enzim aktivitelerine göre 21E, 18S, G01 ve BM01 kodlu 4 izolat seçilmiş; miselyal gelişim hızlarına göre ise BM01 kodlu izolatın sonraki denemelere alınmasına karar verilmiştir. BM01 kodlu izolatın moleküler karakterizasyonu, 18S rDNA bölgesine göre gerçekleştirilerek, Irpex laceratus olarak isimlendirilmiş ve erişim numarası (PX447859) alınmıştır. Deneyler sırasında 3 farklı oranda pirinç kepeği katkısı ve 3 farklı oranda inokülasyon yüzdesi denenerek, 10, 15 ve 20 gün olmak üzere 3 farklı inkübasyon süresine tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuç olarak elde edilen kompozitlerin su temas açıları, özgül ağırlıkları, ıslanma kapasiteleri ve deformasyon testleri sonucunda BM01 kodlu izolata ait en uygun koşullar ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Saman+%15 Pirinç Kepeği, %40 İnokülasyon, 20. gün koşullarında üretilen kompozitin, 148° temas açısına sahip olduğu, özgül ağırlığının 4,428 g/cm³ olup, ıslanma testinde 24 saat sonunda %300 oranında su tuttuğu belirlenmiştir. Deformasyon testlerinde ise %45 oranında sıkıştırmada 2638 N, %50 oranında sıkıştırmada ise 3991 N dayanıma sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Tez çalışması sonucunda Bursa ili-Misi köyünden izole edilen BM01 kodlu izolatın mikokompozit üretiminde kullanılabilecek lokal bir izolat olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.
Fungal composites are a new class of inexpensive and environmentally sustainable materials, enabling the production of higher-value composite materials with high impact resistance, fire resistance, and thermal and acoustic insulation properties from agricultural and industrial waste materials of low commercial value. Currently, the production of these composites is largely dominated by commercial enterprises, limited literature, and limited availability of fungal species and substraktes. These issues limit their widespread use. Therefore, this thesis aims to discover new fungal species and/or local isolates of existing species with different characteristics that can be used in fungal composite production. Eleven of the field samples collected during the thesis were purified and grown in artificial media. Four isolates, coded 21E, 18S, G01, and BM01, were selected based on their lignolytic/cellulosic enzyme activities. Based on their mycelial growth rates, it was decided to include BM01 in further trials. The molecular characterization of the isolate coded BM01 was carried out based on the 18S rDNA region, and it was named Irpex laceratus and the accession number (PX447859) was received. During the experiments, 3 different rates of rice bran addition and 3 different inoculation percentages were tried, and the isolate was subjected to 3 different incubation periods of 10, 15 and 20 days. As a result, the water contact angles, specific gravities, wetting capacities and deformation tests of the obtained composites revealed the most suitable conditions for the isolate coded BM01. It was determined that the composite produced under the conditions of Straw + 15% Rice Bran, 40% Inoculation, on the 20th day, had a contact angle of 148°, a specific gravity of 4.428 g/cm³, and retained 300% water after 24 hours in the wetting test. In deformation tests, it was found that it had a strength of 2638 N at 45% compression and 3991 N at 50% compression. As a result of the thesis study, the isolate coded BM01 isolated from the village of Misi in Bursa province was evaluated as a local isolate that can be used in the production of mycocomposites.
Fungal composites are a new class of inexpensive and environmentally sustainable materials, enabling the production of higher-value composite materials with high impact resistance, fire resistance, and thermal and acoustic insulation properties from agricultural and industrial waste materials of low commercial value. Currently, the production of these composites is largely dominated by commercial enterprises, limited literature, and limited availability of fungal species and substraktes. These issues limit their widespread use. Therefore, this thesis aims to discover new fungal species and/or local isolates of existing species with different characteristics that can be used in fungal composite production. Eleven of the field samples collected during the thesis were purified and grown in artificial media. Four isolates, coded 21E, 18S, G01, and BM01, were selected based on their lignolytic/cellulosic enzyme activities. Based on their mycelial growth rates, it was decided to include BM01 in further trials. The molecular characterization of the isolate coded BM01 was carried out based on the 18S rDNA region, and it was named Irpex laceratus and the accession number (PX447859) was received. During the experiments, 3 different rates of rice bran addition and 3 different inoculation percentages were tried, and the isolate was subjected to 3 different incubation periods of 10, 15 and 20 days. As a result, the water contact angles, specific gravities, wetting capacities and deformation tests of the obtained composites revealed the most suitable conditions for the isolate coded BM01. It was determined that the composite produced under the conditions of Straw + 15% Rice Bran, 40% Inoculation, on the 20th day, had a contact angle of 148°, a specific gravity of 4.428 g/cm³, and retained 300% water after 24 hours in the wetting test. In deformation tests, it was found that it had a strength of 2638 N at 45% compression and 3991 N at 50% compression. As a result of the thesis study, the isolate coded BM01 isolated from the village of Misi in Bursa province was evaluated as a local isolate that can be used in the production of mycocomposites.
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Mikrobiyoloji, Microbiology
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