St. Augustinus ve Immanuel Kant'ın Ahlak Felsefelerinin Karşılaştırılması
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Date
2023
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Abstract
Bu çalışma Patristik felsefenin önde gelen temsilcilerinden St. Augustinus'un Tanrısal iradeye dayalı ve onun rızasını kazanmaya çalışan ahlak anlayışı ile 'etik' denilince akla ilk gelen ve aydınlanma dönemi filozoflarından Kant'ın insan aklına dayalı olan ve niyet temelli etik anlayışını karşılaştırmaktır. Bir taraftan insanın yapıp etmelerinin sonuçları üzerinden değerlendiren teleolojik etiğin çıkar temelli anlayışına ki bu çıkar Tanrının rızasını kazanmak dahi olsa buna karşı deontolojik etiğin ise ahlaki eylemi sonuçlarından bağımsız olarak sadece yapılması gerektiği bilinci ile gerçekleştirdiği görülecektir. Sonuç olarak bir tarafta Tanrısal yazgıya bağlı olan ve eylemlerinin edilgen nesnesi konumundaki insan ile diğer tarafta kendi eylemlerinin faili olarak kaderinin öznesi olan insanın karşılaştırmasını bu çalışmada görmek temel amaçtır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Augustinus, Kant, Etik, Özgürlük, Ödev
This thesis is to compare the moral understanding of Augustine, one of the leading representatives of patristic philosophy, which is based on the divine will and trying to gain God's consent, and the understanding of ethics, which is based on the human mind and which is based on the intention according to Kant, one of the philosophers of the Enlightenment period, which comes to mind first when it comes to ethics. On the onehand, it will be seen that the interest-based understanding of teleological ethics, which evaluates the actions of people through the irresults, even if this interest is to gain the consent of God, on the otherhand, deontological ethics carries out the moral action only with the awareness that it should be done regardless of its consequences. As a result, in this thesis, it will be possible to see the comparison between man, who is dependent on divine destinyand is the passive object of his actions, and man, who is the subject of his destiny as the agent of his own actions, on the other. Key Words: Augustinus, Kant, Ethics, Freedom, Homework
This thesis is to compare the moral understanding of Augustine, one of the leading representatives of patristic philosophy, which is based on the divine will and trying to gain God's consent, and the understanding of ethics, which is based on the human mind and which is based on the intention according to Kant, one of the philosophers of the Enlightenment period, which comes to mind first when it comes to ethics. On the onehand, it will be seen that the interest-based understanding of teleological ethics, which evaluates the actions of people through the irresults, even if this interest is to gain the consent of God, on the otherhand, deontological ethics carries out the moral action only with the awareness that it should be done regardless of its consequences. As a result, in this thesis, it will be possible to see the comparison between man, who is dependent on divine destinyand is the passive object of his actions, and man, who is the subject of his destiny as the agent of his own actions, on the other. Key Words: Augustinus, Kant, Ethics, Freedom, Homework
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Felsefe, Philosophy
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77
