Hematolojik Kanser Hastalarında Sağlık Okuryazarlığının Hastalık Algısı Üzerindeki Etkisi
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Date
2025
Authors
Muti, Elanur
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, hematolojik kanser tanısı almış bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığının hastalık algısı üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve bu değişkenlerin sosyodemografik özelliklere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı, kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı tipteki bu araştırma, Temmuz 2023 - Temmuz 2025 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Erzurum'da bir üniversite hastanesinin hematoloji kliniğinde Ekim 2023 - Ekim 2024 tarihleri arasında tedavi gören ve dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 227 hematolojik kanser hastası oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Hasta Tanıtım Anketi, Kanser Hastalarında Hastalık Algısı Ölçeği ve Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32 ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %64,3'ünün geliri giderinden az olup, %58'i sorunlu veya yetersiz sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyindedir. Eğitim, gelir, yaşanılan yer ve çalışma durumu hastalık algısı ve sağlık okuryazarlığı ile anlamlı ilişki göstermiştir (p<0.05). Yaş arttıkça hastalık algısı artarken, sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi azalmıştır. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ile 'Hastalık Hakkındaki Görüşler' (r=-0.361) ve 'Olası Nedenler' (r=-0.516) alt boyutları arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur. Regresyon analizleri sağlık okuryazarlığının, hastalık algısını anlamlı düzeyde yordadığını göstermiştir (R²= %9.2 – %26.3 arası). Ayrıca, bilgi sahibi olmayan bireylerin hastalık algısı daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Araştırma bulguları, sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin hastalık algısı üzerinde anlamlı ve yönlendirici bir etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Eğitim düzeyi, gelir durumu, yaşanılan yer, yaş ve sağlık sistemine aşinalık gibi sosyo-demografik faktörlerin hem sağlık okuryazarlığı hem de hastalık algısı üzerinde belirleyici olduğu saptanmıştır. Sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin artması, bireylerin hastalıkla ilgili inanç ve değerlendirmelerini daha gerçekçi ve rasyonel temellere oturtmalarına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, bireylerin sağlık hizmetlerinden etkin biçimde yararlanabilmeleri ve hastalık süreçlerini daha sağlıklı algılayabilmeleri için sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin artırılması gerekmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hastalık Algısı, Hematoloji, Hemşirelik, Onkoloji, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı
Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of health literacy on illness perception among individuals diagnosed with hematological cancer and to determine whether these variables differ according to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted between July 2023 and July 2025. The sample consisted of 227 hematological cancer patients who were receiving treatment in the hematology clinic of a university hospital in Erzurum between October 2023 and October 2024 and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, the Illness Perception Scale for Cancer Patients, and the Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32. Results: The findings revealed that 64.3% of the participants had an income lower than their expenses, and 58% had problematic or inadequate levels of health literacy. Education level, income, place of residence, and employment status were found to be significantly associated with both illness perception and health literacy (p<0.05). While illness perception increased with age, health literacy levels decreased. A significant negative correlation was found between health literacy and the subdimensions of 'Perceptions About the Illness' (r = -0.361) and 'Possible Causes' (r = -0.516). Regression analyses indicated that health literacy significantly predicted illness perception (R² ranging from 9.2% to 26.3%). Additionally, individuals who lacked information about their illness exhibited higher levels of illness perception. Conclusion: The study findings demonstrated that health literacy plays a significant and influential role in shaping illness perception. Sociodemographic factors such as education level, income, place of residence, age, and familiarity with the healthcare system were identified as key determinants of both health literacy and illness perception. An increase in health literacy levels contributes to the development of more rational and realistic beliefs and evaluations related to illness. Therefore, improving individuals' health literacy is essential to enhance their engagement with healthcare services and to foster a more accurate and constructive perception of illness. Keywords: Illness Perception, Hematology, Nursing, Oncology, Health Literacy
Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of health literacy on illness perception among individuals diagnosed with hematological cancer and to determine whether these variables differ according to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted between July 2023 and July 2025. The sample consisted of 227 hematological cancer patients who were receiving treatment in the hematology clinic of a university hospital in Erzurum between October 2023 and October 2024 and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, the Illness Perception Scale for Cancer Patients, and the Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32. Results: The findings revealed that 64.3% of the participants had an income lower than their expenses, and 58% had problematic or inadequate levels of health literacy. Education level, income, place of residence, and employment status were found to be significantly associated with both illness perception and health literacy (p<0.05). While illness perception increased with age, health literacy levels decreased. A significant negative correlation was found between health literacy and the subdimensions of 'Perceptions About the Illness' (r = -0.361) and 'Possible Causes' (r = -0.516). Regression analyses indicated that health literacy significantly predicted illness perception (R² ranging from 9.2% to 26.3%). Additionally, individuals who lacked information about their illness exhibited higher levels of illness perception. Conclusion: The study findings demonstrated that health literacy plays a significant and influential role in shaping illness perception. Sociodemographic factors such as education level, income, place of residence, age, and familiarity with the healthcare system were identified as key determinants of both health literacy and illness perception. An increase in health literacy levels contributes to the development of more rational and realistic beliefs and evaluations related to illness. Therefore, improving individuals' health literacy is essential to enhance their engagement with healthcare services and to foster a more accurate and constructive perception of illness. Keywords: Illness Perception, Hematology, Nursing, Oncology, Health Literacy
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Halk Sağlığı, Hematoloji, Hemşirelik, Public Health, Hematology, Nursing
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