Kaya, Nur EfsanCeviz, Mehmet AkifAfshari, FarazMandev, EmreKoksal, Huseyin2026-03-262026-03-2620251388-61501588-292610.1007/s10973-025-15179-42-s2.0-105025373982https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-025-15179-4https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14901/2843Ceviz, Mehmet Akif/0000-0001-6268-571X; Köksal, Hüseyin/0000-0003-2601-303X;Batch reactors are widely utilized in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to their simplicity, ease of operation, and maintenance. However, efficient energy management remains a key challenge, especially for systems operating under intermittent conditions. While phase-change materials (PCMs) offer potential for improving energy efficiency by storing and reusing waste heat, integrating heat storage within reactors can compromise their volume and design. This study introduces a novel approach by designing and experimentally testing a PCM heat battery positioned outside the reactor to reduce energy consumption cost in batch processes. By focusing on peak load shifting, the PCM heat battery stores thermal energy during off-peak periods, reducing operational costs and enhancing energy efficiency. The results indicate that energy operating costs can be significantly reduced with a PCM heat battery. Specifically, utilizing the PCM battery under a three-time tariff allows for the efficient use of energy stored at night, reducing the energy cost per batch process by approximately 8%, from 1.72 TL ($0.041) to 1.59 TL ($0.037) for facilities starting operations at 08:00. Furthermore, the findings suggest potential applications in systems like solar energy and highlight the benefits of peak load shifting, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for energy management in batch processing.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBatch ReactorsPhase-Change MaterialsEnergy EfficiencyHeat StoragePeak Load ShiftingArticle