Evaluation of Power Production and Efficiency of a Thermoelectric Generator in Waste Heat Recovery

Abstract

This study investigates the recovery of waste heat using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to optimize its power generation and efficiency. The experimental work was conducted under various electrical loads (0.2, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, and 4.8 W) and in two convection modes: natural and forced. To analyze the effects of cooling methods on the thermoelectric performance, we employed an aluminum heat sink and a fan-assisted heat sink, examining different fan speeds corresponding to airflow velocities of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 m/s. The results reveal that utilizing an aluminum heat sink significantly enhances both the power output and efficiency of the TEG compared to scenarios without any cooling applied. Under forced convection conditions, the increase in performance was even more pronounced, highlighting the effectiveness of enhanced heat transfer. However, it is essential to consider the power consumption of the fan when evaluating the overall efficiency of the TEG system. Notably, while the maximum power output of approximately 0.04 W was recorded at the highest fan speed using a 12-V fan, the highest efficiency of 0.7% was achieved at the lowest fan speed with a 4-V fan. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing cooling strategies for thermoelectric generators, as they must balance the benefits of increased power generation against the additional energy costs associated with active cooling methods.